Three days later, it was OrvilleвЂ™s turn and the first successful flight was finally made. Unfortunately for Wilbur, this first attempt ended with a crash after flying only 3.5 seconds. It landed in WilburвЂ™s favor, winning him the first chance to fly. To determine who would fly the plane first, Wilbur pulled a coin from his pocket and flipped it into the air. On December 14, 1903, the Wright brothers (Wilbur and Orville) were gearing up for the worldвЂ™s first heavier-than-air flight. The historic coin was later dubbed the Portland Penny. Pettygrove won, and named the city Portland after his hometown of Portland, ME. They decided to leave the naming rights to chance with a best-out-of-three coin toss. The City of PortlandвЂ™s two founders, Francis Pettygrove and Asa Lovejoy, both wanted to name the 640 acre area which was called The Clearing at the time. One of the most famous flips in history took place in 1845 with a one-cent coin. While you're passively standing there moping Д«ut the moment the penny is up in the air, No-not so that chance shall decide the affair The best way to solve the dilemma, you'll find, Whenever you're called on to make up your mind, In his book titled Grooks, the Danish poet Piet Hein included a poem entitled вЂњA Psychological TipвЂќ which relates to the Freudian Coin Toss. By analyzing your reaction, you may realize that you actually knew the choice that you wanted to make all along! Ask yourself: Am I pleased? Am I disappointed?вЂќ This method of flipping is sometimes called the Freudian Coin Toss. Allegedly, Freud would then say вЂњLook into your own reactions. When faced with someone who was struggling to make a decision, Freud would sometimes suggest that they flip a coin. In fact, it is said that Sigmund Freud himself realized this phenomenon and used it to his advantage. In this scenario, instead of letting the coin decide, you may want to go with the choice that you now realize you really wanted. Sometimes, however, you may find that youвЂ™re disappointed with the result. Flipping a coin can be very useful in these situations. People are often faced with difficult decisions between two choices. Sometimes even scientists will flip a coin to determine the order of listed authors for use in academic publications. In politics, a flip is sometimes used to determine an election in the event that two candidates receive the same number of votes. Many sports, such as football (both American and non-American versions), eSports, cricket, tennis, and fencing, flip a coin to determine which team goes first in a match, or to determine a winner in the event of a draw. Today, the practice of coin flipping can be found all over the world. Players would then flip the shell in the air and call the correct side, just like we do now! The other side of the shell would remain its original color.

It is believed that players would cover one side of a shell with a black or very dark brown substance called вЂњblack pitchвЂќ - a resinous goo which is obtained from trees. While the actual origin of the coin toss is up for debate, many historians believe it originated in Ancient Greece. вЂњPileвЂќ comes from a Middle English term which means вЂњreverse of a coin.вЂќ In Peru, the game is called вЂњface or seal,вЂќ even to this day! In ancient China, the game was known as вЂњship or head.вЂќ This is because ancient Chinese coins were minted with a ship on one side and a head on the other. Later in history, the British called the game вЂњcross and pile.вЂќ At the time, many coins depicted a cross on one side. The outcomes of those flips were considered to be legally binding. During this time, flips were utilized to make some very serious decisions, including those related to criminality, property, and marriage. Julius Caesar himself endorsed the coin flip in 49 BC when he began minting coins which depicted his name.

During this period, Romans called the game вЂњnavia aut caput,вЂќ which translates to вЂњship or head.вЂќ This is because some Roman coins had a ship on one side and the head (or вЂњbustвЂќ) of the emperor on the other side. Metal coins were first manufactured as early as the 7th century BC, however, the first accounts of the practice of coin flipping can be found in ancient Rome.

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